Human Nature

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Contents 1 Behaviours 1.1 Environment [<cite_link_label_group->][Cite error: Ran out of custom link labels for group "". Define more in the [[MediaWiki:$2]] message.] 1.2 Genes [<cite_link_label_group->][Cite error: Ran out of custom link labels for group "". Define more in the [[MediaWiki:$2]] message.] [Cite error: Ran out of custom link labels for group "". Define more in the [[MediaWiki:$2]] message.] 1.3 Reproductive behaviour[<cite_link_label_group->][Cite error: Ran out of custom link labels for group "". Define more in the [[MediaWiki:$2]] message.] 1.3.1 Strategies[<cite_link_label_group->][Cite error: Ran out of custom link labels for group "". Define more in the [[MediaWiki:$2]] message.] 1.3.2 Rape[<cite_link_label_group->][Cite error: Ran out of custom link labels for group "". Define more in the [[MediaWiki:$2]] message.] 1.3.3 Parenting[<cite_link_label_group->][Cite error: Ran out of custom link labels for group "". Define more in the [[MediaWiki:$2]] message.] 1.4 Children[<cite_link_label_group->][Cite error: Ran out of custom link labels for group "". Define more in the [[MediaWiki:$2]] message.] 1.5 Ethnocentric Behaviour[<cite_link_label_group->][Cite error: Ran out of custom link labels for group "". Define more in the [[MediaWiki:$2]] message.] [Cite error: Ran out of custom link labels for group "". Define more in the [[MediaWiki:$2]] message.][Cite error: Ran out of custom link labels for group "". Define more in the [[MediaWiki:$2]] message.][Cite error: Ran out of custom link labels for group "". Define more in the [[MediaWiki:$2]] message.] 1.6 Language[<cite_link_label_group->][Cite error: Ran out of custom link labels for group "". Define more in the [[MediaWiki:$2]] message.] 1.7 Physical Appearance[<cite_link_label_group->][Cite error: Ran out of custom link labels for group "". Define more in the [[MediaWiki:$2]] message.] 1.8 Kin Selection [Cite error: Ran out of custom link labels for group "". Define more in the [[MediaWiki:$2]] message.] 1.9 Morality / Justice [Cite error: Ran out of custom link labels for group "". Define more in the [[MediaWiki:$2]] message.] 1.10 Self Deception [Cite error: Ran out of custom link labels for group "". Define more in the [[MediaWiki:$2]] message.][Cite error: Ran out of custom link labels for group "". Define more in the [[MediaWiki:$2]] message.] 1.11 Anthropomorphism [Cite error: Ran out of custom link labels for group "". Define more in the [[MediaWiki:$2]] message.][Cite error: Ran out of custom link labels for group "". Define more in the [[MediaWiki:$2]] message.][Cite error: Ran out of custom link labels for group "". Define more in the [[MediaWiki:$2]] message.][Cite error: Ran out of custom link labels for group "". Define more in the [[MediaWiki:$2]] message.][Cite error: Ran out of custom link labels for group "". Define more in the [[MediaWiki:$2]] message.][Cite error: Ran out of custom link labels for group "". Define more in the [[MediaWiki:$2]] message.] 1.12 Violence[Cite error: Ran out of custom link labels for group "". Define more in the [[MediaWiki:$2]] message.] 2 Genetic Origins of Behaviour 3 Environment and Behaviour 4 References

Behaviours

Environment ^{[<cite_link_label_group->][Cite error: Ran out of custom link labels for group "". Define more in the [[MediaWiki:$2]] message.]}

Africa :

• hunter gathers
• small groups (max 200)
• open grassland / woodlands
• animals

Genes ^{[<cite_link_label_group->][Cite error: Ran out of custom link labels for group "". Define more in the [[MediaWiki:$2]] message.] [Cite error: Ran out of custom link labels for group "". Define more in the [[MediaWiki:$2]] message.]}

Actions to ensure survival of genes (selfish genes).

Reproductive behaviour^{[<cite_link_label_group->][Cite error: Ran out of custom link labels for group "". Define more in the [[MediaWiki:$2]] message.]}

Strategies^{[<cite_link_label_group->][Cite error: Ran out of custom link labels for group "". Define more in the [[MediaWiki:$2]] message.]}

• r - hi reproductive rate, short generation time, little offspring investment
• K - lo reproductive rate, long generation time, hi offspring investment

Humans use K strategies

Rape^{[<cite_link_label_group->][Cite error: Ran out of custom link labels for group "". Define more in the [[MediaWiki:$2]] message.]}

• Hi value females more likely to get raped
• Lo value males more likely to rape

Parenting^{[<cite_link_label_group->][Cite error: Ran out of custom link labels for group "". Define more in the [[MediaWiki:$2]] message.]}

• Invest more time into own offspring
• males less likely to invest time in children (less certain of offspring)
• more likely to abuse step-children
• more likely to abuse handicapped children
• females more likely to invest in offspring (more certain of offspring)

Children^{[<cite_link_label_group->][Cite error: Ran out of custom link labels for group "". Define more in the [[MediaWiki:$2]] message.]}

• infants id human face
• infants imitate human expressions
• young children prefer adults
• older children switch (girls before boys)
• adults respond to child crying (females more than males)
• children engage in rough play (differs from real violence)
• submissive / dominate behaviour

Ethnocentric Behaviour^{[<cite_link_label_group->][Cite error: Ran out of custom link labels for group "". Define more in the [[MediaWiki:$2]] message.] [Cite error: Ran out of custom link labels for group "". Define more in the [[MediaWiki:$2]] message.][Cite error: Ran out of custom link labels for group "". Define more in the [[MediaWiki:$2]] message.][Cite error: Ran out of custom link labels for group "". Define more in the [[MediaWiki:$2]] message.]}

• tend to prefer own group "we"
• tend to dislike "not we" (such as dehumanise, by stander effect etc.)
• children afraid of strangers

Language^{[<cite_link_label_group->][Cite error: Ran out of custom link labels for group "". Define more in the [[MediaWiki:$2]] message.]}

• predilection to learn a language

Physical Appearance^{[<cite_link_label_group->][Cite error: Ran out of custom link labels for group "". Define more in the [[MediaWiki:$2]] message.]}

• tenancy to prefer more attractive people

Kin Selection ^{[Cite error: Ran out of custom link labels for group "". Define more in the [[MediaWiki:$2]] message.]}

• The tendency to prefer genetic relatives over non-genetic relatives

Morality / Justice ^{[Cite error: Ran out of custom link labels for group "". Define more in the [[MediaWiki:$2]] message.]}

• a sense of morality

Self Deception ^{[Cite error: Ran out of custom link labels for group "". Define more in the [[MediaWiki:$2]] message.][Cite error: Ran out of custom link labels for group "". Define more in the [[MediaWiki:$2]] message.]}

• tendency to find patterns
• tenancy for false positives

Anthropomorphism ^{[Cite error: Ran out of custom link labels for group "". Define more in the [[MediaWiki:$2]] message.][Cite error: Ran out of custom link labels for group "". Define more in the [[MediaWiki:$2]] message.][Cite error: Ran out of custom link labels for group "". Define more in the [[MediaWiki:$2]] message.][Cite error: Ran out of custom link labels for group "". Define more in the [[MediaWiki:$2]] message.][Cite error: Ran out of custom link labels for group "". Define more in the [[MediaWiki:$2]] message.][Cite error: Ran out of custom link labels for group "". Define more in the [[MediaWiki:$2]] message.]}

• tenancy to attribute human behaviour, motivation and other characteristics to non-human animals and in animate objects
• tendency to understand the world in human emotional terms

Violence^{[Cite error: Ran out of custom link labels for group "". Define more in the [[MediaWiki:$2]] message.]}

• use of violence in conflict resolution
• use of violence for gain
• use of violence for self-defence
• honour

Genetic Origins of Behaviour

Environment and Behaviour

References

1. ↑ ^{1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9} Ed. Karan S. Cook, Gary Alan Fine and James S. House. "Sociological Perspectives on Social Psychology". Allyn and Bacon. 1995. ISBN: 0-205-13716-4.
2. ↑ ^{2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10} Steven Pinker. "The Blank Slate". Penguin. 2003.
3. ↑ Laura Betzig. Politics as Sex: The Old Testament Case. Evolutionary Psychology. 2005. (http://www.epjournal.net/filestore/ep03326346.pdf)
4. ↑ David B. Goetze. Evolutionary Psychology and the Explanation of Ethnic Phenomena. Evolutionary Psychology. 2004. (http://www.epjournal.net/filestore/ep02142159.pdf)
5. ↑ J. Philippe Rushton. Inclusive fitness in human relationships. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 2009
6. ↑ Michael W Passer and Ronald E. Smith. Psychology Frontiers and Applications. McGraw Hill. 2001.
7. ↑ Gregory D. Webster. Human Kin Investment as a Function of Genetic Relatedness and Lineage. Evolutionary Psychology. 2004. (http://www.epjournal.net/filestore/ep02129141.pdf)
8. ↑ Dennis L. Krebs and L. James Climenhage. The Nature and Nurture of Morality A review of What Makes Us Moral? Crossing the Boundaries of Biology. Evolutionary Psychology. 2005 (http://www.epjournal.net/filestore/ep03133141.pdf)
9. ↑ Charles MacKey. Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds. 1841
10. ↑ ^{10.0 10.1} Michael Shermer. The pattern behind self-deception. http://www.ted.com/talks/michael_shermer_the_pattern_behind_self_deception.html
11. ↑ A. Horowitz. Anthropomorphism. Encyclopedia of Human-Animal Relationships, pp 60-66, Greenwood Publishing Group, Westport, CT. 2007 (http://crl.ucsd.edu/~ahorowit/Encyclopedia-anthrop.pdf)
12. ↑ Pascal Boyer. What Makes Anthropomorphism Natural: Intuitive Ontology and Cultural Representations. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, Vol. 2, 1996
13. ↑ L. R. Caporael. Anthropomorphism and mechanomorphism: Two faces of the human machine. Computers in Human BehaviorVolume 2, Issue 3. Pages 215-234. 1986
14. ↑ Robert W. Mitchell, Nicholas S. Thompson, H. Lyn Miles. Anthropomorphism, anecdotes, and animals. State University of New York Press. 1997
15. ↑ Keith Taber, Mike Watts. The secret life of the chemical bond: students' anthropomorphic and animistic references to bonding. International Journal of Science Education Volume 18, Number 5. 1996